Daltonizam (sljepoća za boje) je spolno–vezana (uz X kromosom) recesivna bolest. Daltonisti ne raspoznaju crvenu ili zelenu boju jer im nedostaje pigment koji je osjetljiv na određenu valnu duljinu svjetlosti koji se kod zdrave osobe nalaze u receptorima za boju u mrežnici oka.
Podsjećamo čitatelja kako žene imaju dvije kopije X kromosoma, dok muškarci imaju jednu kopiju X kromosoma i jednu kopiju Y kromosoma koji ne nosi podatke za sintezu navedenog pigmenta, dakle hoće li biti daltonisti ili ne odlučuje njihov jedini X kromosom. Njihova djeca nasljeđuju po jedan spolni kromosom od svakog roditelja.
Mala djevojčica Paula ima daltonizam. Pitala je svojeg brata, sestru, oba roditelja, te sve bake i djedove imaju li i oni daltonizam. Neka je 
koliko je najmanje te 
koliko je najviše potvrdnih odgovora mogla dobiti. Odgovor zapišite kao uređeni par 
(uključujući zagrade).
Colour blindness (daltonism) is a sex-linked recessive disorder (linked to the X chromosome). People with daltonism cannot distinguish between red and green because they lack the pigment sensitive to a specific wavelength of light, which is found in the colour receptors of the retina in healthy individuals.
We remind the reader that women have two copies of the X chromosome, while men have one copy of the X chromosome and one copy of the Y chromosome, which does not carry the information for synthesising the pigment. Thus, whether a man will be colourblind or not is determined by his single X chromosome. Their children inherit one sex chromosome from each parent.
A little girl named Paula has colour blindness. She asked her brother, sister, both parents and all of her grandparents if they also have colour blindness. Let be the minimum and the maximum number of positive answers she could have received. Write the answer as an ordered pair (including the parentheses).
[lang=hr]
Daltonizam (sljepoća za boje) je spolno–vezana (uz X kromosom) recesivna bolest. Daltonisti ne raspoznaju crvenu ili zelenu boju jer im nedostaje pigment koji je osjetljiv na određenu valnu duljinu svjetlosti koji se kod zdrave osobe nalaze u receptorima za boju u mrežnici oka.
Podsjećamo čitatelja kako žene imaju dvije kopije X kromosoma, dok muškarci imaju jednu kopiju X kromosoma i jednu kopiju Y kromosoma koji ne nosi podatke za sintezu navedenog pigmenta, dakle hoće li biti daltonisti ili ne odlučuje njihov jedini X kromosom. Njihova djeca nasljeđuju po jedan spolni kromosom od svakog roditelja.
Mala djevojčica Paula ima daltonizam. Pitala je svojeg brata, sestru, oba roditelja, te sve bake i djedove imaju li i oni daltonizam. Neka je $x$ koliko je najmanje te $y$ koliko je najviše potvrdnih odgovora mogla dobiti. Odgovor zapišite kao uređeni par $(x, y)$ (uključujući zagrade).
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[lang=en]
Colour blindness (daltonism) is a sex-linked recessive disorder (linked to the X chromosome). People with daltonism cannot distinguish between red and green because they lack the pigment sensitive to a specific wavelength of light, which is found in the colour receptors of the retina in healthy individuals.
We remind the reader that women have two copies of the X chromosome, while men have one copy of the X chromosome and one copy of the Y chromosome, which does not carry the information for synthesising the pigment. Thus, whether a man will be colourblind or not is determined by his single X chromosome. Their children inherit one sex chromosome from each parent.
A little girl named Paula has colour blindness. She asked her brother, sister, both parents and all of her grandparents if they also have colour blindness. Let $x$ be the minimum and $y$ the maximum number of positive answers she could have received. Write the answer as an ordered pair $(x, y)$ (including the parentheses).
[/lang]
