Točno
23. siječnja 2016. 09:50 (9 godine, 1 mjesec)
Četiri prirodna broja
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,
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,
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,
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zadovoljavaju jednakosti
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Pokaži da postoji pravokutni trokut površine
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kojem su duljine svih stranica prirodni brojevi.
%V0
Četiri prirodna broja $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ zadovoljavaju jednakosti $$ a+b=c \text{,} \qquad\qquad a+d=2c \text{.} $$ Pokaži da postoji pravokutni trokut površine $abcd$ kojem su duljine svih stranica prirodni brojevi.
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Oduzimanjem jednakosti se dobiva
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. Neka su onda katete
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i
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. Vrijedi
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i
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.
Organizirajmo sada
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i
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tako da im je zbroj kvadrata kvadrat. Eksperimentiranjem s manjim brojevima čini se da je
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uvijek kvadrat.
To je doista uvijek točno jer je izraz jednak
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.
Dakle traženi trokut uvijek postoji i katete su mu
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i
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odnosno
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i
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, a hipotenuza
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.
%V0
Oduzimanjem jednakosti se dobiva $a+2b=d$. Neka su onda katete $A$ i $B$. Vrijedi $AB=2abcd=2ab(a+b)(a+2b)$ i $\sqrt{A^2+B^2} \in N$.
Organizirajmo sada $A$ i $B$ tako da im je zbroj kvadrata kvadrat. Eksperimentiranjem s manjim brojevima čini se da je $(2b(a+b))^2+(a(a+2b))^2$ uvijek kvadrat.
To je doista uvijek točno jer je izraz jednak $4a^2b^2+4b^4+8ab^3+a^4+4a^2b^2+4a^3b=(a^2+2b^2+2ab)^2$.
Dakle traženi trokut uvijek postoji i katete su mu $2b(a+b)$ i $a(a+2b)$ odnosno $2bc$ i $ad$, a hipotenuza $a^2+2b^2+2ab$.
23. siječnja 2016. 14:39 | grga | Točno |