Let and be positive integers with such that divides . Prove that
Let $n, m, k$ and $l$ be positive integers with $n \neq 1$ such that $n^k + mn^l + 1$ divides $n^{k+l} - 1$. Prove that
\begin{itemize}
\item $m = 1$ and $l = 2k$; or
\item $l|k$ and $m = \frac{n^{k-l}-1}{n^l-1}$.
\end{itemize}