For a positive integer
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define a sequence of zeros and ones to be balanced if it contains
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zeros and
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ones. Two balanced sequences
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and
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are neighbors if you can move one of the
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symbols of
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to another position to form
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. For instance, when
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, the balanced sequences
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and
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are neighbors because the third (or fourth) zero in the first sequence can be moved to the first or second position to form the second sequence. Prove that there is a set
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of at most
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balanced sequences such that every balanced sequence is equal to or is a neighbor of at least one sequence in
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.
%V0
For a positive integer $n$ define a sequence of zeros and ones to be balanced if it contains $n$ zeros and $n$ ones. Two balanced sequences $a$ and $b$ are neighbors if you can move one of the $2n$ symbols of $a$ to another position to form $b$. For instance, when $n = 4$, the balanced sequences $01101001$ and $00110101$ are neighbors because the third (or fourth) zero in the first sequence can be moved to the first or second position to form the second sequence. Prove that there is a set $S$ of at most $\frac{1}{n+1} \binom{2n}{n}$ balanced sequences such that every balanced sequence is equal to or is a neighbor of at least one sequence in $S$.