Školjka

%V0 In a contest, there are $m$ candidates and $n$ judges, where $n\geq 3$ is an odd integer. Each candidate is evaluated by each judge as either pass or fail. Suppose that each pair of judges agrees on at most $k$ candidates. Prove that $${\frac{k}{m}} \geq {\frac{n-1}{2n}}.$$

%V0 Let $b$ be an even positive integer. We say that two different cells of a $n \times n$ board are neighboring if they have a common side. Find the minimal number of cells on he $n \times n$ board that must be marked so that any cell marked or not marked) has a marked neighboring cell.

%V0 A pile of $n$ pebbles is placed in a vertical column. This configuration is modified according to the following rules. A pebble can be moved if it is at the top of a column which contains at least two more pebbles than the column immediately to its right. (If there are no pebbles to the right, think of this as a column with 0 pebbles.) At each stage, choose a pebble from among those that can be moved (if there are any) and place it at the top of the column to its right. If no pebbles can be moved, the configuration is called a final configuration. For each $n$, show that, no matter what choices are made at each stage, the final configuration obtained is unique. Describe that configuration in terms of $n$. IMO ShortList 2001, combinatorics problem 7, alternative

%V0 In a mathematical competition, in which $6$ problems were posed to the participants, every two of these problems were solved by more than $\frac 25$ of the contestants. Moreover, no contestant solved all the $6$ problems. Show that there are at least $2$ contestants who solved exactly $5$ problems each. Radu Gologan and Dan Schwartz

%V0 In a mathematical competition some competitors are friends. Friendship is always mutual. Call a group of competitors a clique if each two of them are friends. (In particular, any group of fewer than two competitiors is a clique.) The number of members of a clique is called its size. Given that, in this competition, the largest size of a clique is even, prove that the competitors can be arranged into two rooms such that the largest size of a clique contained in one room is the same as the largest size of a clique contained in the other room. Author: Vasily Astakhov, Russia

%V0 Let $a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_n$ be distinct positive integers and let $M$ be a set of $n - 1$ positive integers not containing $s = a_1 + a_2 + \ldots + a_n.$ A grasshopper is to jump along the real axis, starting at the point $0$ and making $n$ jumps to the right with lengths $a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_n$ in some order. Prove that the order can be chosen in such a way that the grasshopper never lands on any point in $M.$ Proposed by Dmitry Khramtsov, Russia