Školjka

%V0 Let f be a function that satisfies the following conditions: $(i)$ If $x > y$ and $f(y) - y \geq v \geq f(x) - x$, then $f(z) = v + z$, for some number $z$ between $x$ and $y$. $(ii)$ The equation $f(x) = 0$ has at least one solution, and among the solutions of this equation, there is one that is not smaller than all the other solutions; $(iii)$ $f(0) = 1$. $(iv)$ $f(1987) \leq 1988$. $(v)$ $f(x)f(y) = f(xf(y) + yf(x) - xy)$. Find $f(1987)$. Proposed by Australia.

%V0 Let $g: \mathbb{C} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$, $\omega \in \mathbb{C}$, $a \in \mathbb{C}$, $\omega^3 = 1$, and $\omega \ne 1$. Show that there is one and only one function $f: \mathbb{C} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ such that $$f(z) + f(\omega z + a) = g(z),z\in \mathbb{C}$$

%V0 Let $a, b \in \mathbb{N}$ with $1 \leq a \leq b,$ and $M = \left[\frac {a + b}{2} \right].$ Define a function $f: \mathbb{Z} \mapsto \mathbb{Z}$ by $$f(n) = \begin{cases} n + a, & \text{if } n \leq M, \\ n - b, & \text{if } n \geq M. \end{cases}$$ Let $f^1(n) = f(n),$ $f_{i + 1}(n) = f(f^i(n)),$ $i = 1, 2, \ldots$ Find the smallest natural number $k$ such that $f^k(0) = 0.$

%V0 Let $\mathbb{R}^+$ be the set of all non-negative real numbers. Given two positive real numbers $a$ and $b,$ suppose that a mapping $f: \mathbb{R}^+ \mapsto \mathbb{R}^+$ satisfies the functional equation: $$f(f(x)) + af(x) = b(a + b)x.$$ Prove that there exists a unique solution of this equation.

%V0 Does there exist functions $f,g: \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $f(g(x)) = x^2$ and $g(f(x)) = x^k$ for all real numbers $x$ a) if $k = 3$? b) if $k = 4$?

%V0 Find all functions $f \colon \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ such that the equality $$y^2f(x) + x^2f(y) + xy = xyf(x + y) + x^2 + y^2$$ holds for all $x, y \in \Bbb R$, where $\Bbb R$ is the set of real numbers.