IMO Shortlist 2006 problem A3
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Avg: 7,0 The sequence is defined by , and for . Consider the set of ordered pairs for which there is a finite set of positive integers such that , . Prove that there exist real numbers , , and with the following property: An ordered pair of nonnegative integers satisfies the inequality if and only if .
Remark: A sum over the elements of the empty set is assumed to be .
Remark: A sum over the elements of the empty set is assumed to be .
Izvor: Međunarodna matematička olimpijada, shortlist 2006