IMO Shortlist 2010 problem C6
Kvaliteta:
Avg: 0,0Težina:
Avg: 8,0 Given a positive integer
and other two integers
There are two strings of pearls, a string of
black pearls and a string of
white pearls. The length of a string is the number of pearls on it. One cuts these strings in some steps by the following rules. In each step:
(i) The strings are ordered by their lengths in a non-increasing order. If there are some strings of equal lengths, then the white ones precede the black ones. Then
first ones (if they consist of more than one pearl) are chosen; if there are less than
strings longer than 1, then one chooses all of them.
(ii) Next, one cuts each chosen string into two parts differing in length by at most one. (For instance, if there are strings of
black pearls, strings of
white pearls and
then the strings of 8 white, 5 black, 4 white and 4 black pearls are cut into the parts
and
respectively.) The process stops immediately after the step when a first isolated white pearl appears.
Prove that at this stage, there will still exist a string of at least two black pearls.
Proposed by Bill Sands, Thao Do, Canada
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
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
(i) The strings are ordered by their lengths in a non-increasing order. If there are some strings of equal lengths, then the white ones precede the black ones. Then

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(ii) Next, one cuts each chosen string into two parts differing in length by at most one. (For instance, if there are strings of



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
Prove that at this stage, there will still exist a string of at least two black pearls.
Proposed by Bill Sands, Thao Do, Canada
Izvor: Međunarodna matematička olimpijada, shortlist 2010