IMO Shortlist 2017 problem C2


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Oct. 3, 2019
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Let n be a positive integer. Define a chameleon to be any sequence of 3n letters, with exactly n occurrences of each of the letters a, b, and c. Define a swap to be the transposition of two adjacent letters in a chameleon. Prove that for any chameleon X , there exists a chameleon Y such that X cannot be changed to Y using fewer than 3n^2/2 swaps.

Source: https://www.imo-official.org/problems/IMO2017SL.pdf